My glossary is for my English class. The goal is to extend my vocabulary related to my future field of study (medicine). Medicine is the science or practice of the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of disease (in technical use often taken to exclude surgery). My glossary is going to have 20 field-related words that I am probably going to use later in my career. The terms that I chose are describing really different aspects of medicine because I don't know yet which specialty I want to do, so I tried to cover pretty much everything.
amenorrhea
noun
Amenorrhea is the absence of menstruation, often defined as missing one or more menstrual periods. Primary amenorrhea refers to the absence of menstruation in someone who has not had a period by age 15.
Example: What Long and Pickles also recognize is the importance that the threat of famine played in shaping populations, for example the fear of shortages could affect births (not necessarily through fewer marriages but also through stress and AMENORRHEA) and could persuade locals to import food raising the likelihood of an epidemic.
fr: aménorrhée
anesthesia
noun
Insensitivity to pain, especially as artificially induced by the administration of gases or the injection of drugs before surgical operations.
Example: Operative treatment under general ANESTHESIA is required for approximately 4-5% of paediatric fractures.
fr: anesthésie
antibiotic
noun
A medicine (such as penicillin or its derivatives) that inhibits the growth of or destroys microorganisms.
Example: The ANTIBIOTIC kills bacteria and reduced the number of bacteria living in the amoeba by 90%.
fr: antibiotique
chemotherapy
noun
The treatment of disease by the use of chemical substances, especially the treatment of cancer by cytotoxic and other drugs.
Example: In addition new drugs and treatment strategies, such as biological response modifiers, may be beneficial if considered before extensive CHEMOTHERAPY is given.
fr: chimiothérapie
deficiency
noun
A lack or shortage.
Example: Potassium DEFICIENCY alters the electricophysiological characteristics of cell membranes causing weakness of skeletal muscles.
fr: carence
endocrine system
adjective and noun
Your endocrine system is made up of several organs called glands. These glands, located all over your body, create and secrete (release) hormones. The hormones created and released by the glands in your body’s endocrine system control nearly all the processes in your body. These chemicals help coordinate your body’s functions, from metabolism to growth and development, emotions, mood, sexual function and even sleep.
Example: The second stage is referred to as the haemolymphatic stage, in which the parasites multiply in the individual's bloodstream and are then carried to the lymph nodes and other organs such as the spleen, liver, heart and ENDOCRINE SYSTEM.
fr: système endocrinien
hemorrhage
noun
An escape of blood from a ruptured blood vessel, especially when profuse.
Example: The only tabulated death with leucotomy was due to operative HEMORRHAGE as stated before.
Source: https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/hemorrhage
fr: hémorragie
hippocampus
noun
The elongated ridges on the floor of each lateral ventricle of the brain, thought to be the center of emotion, memory, and the autonomic nervous system.
Example: The mamillary bodies receive information from the HIPPOCAMPUS and are reciprocally connected to the anterior thalamic nucleus and the midbrain.
fr: hippocampe
hormone
noun
A regulatory substance produced in an organism and transported in tissue fluids such as blood or sap to stimulate specific cells or tissues into action.
Example: HORMONEs are released from the pituitary gland, which is located at the base of the brain.
fr: hormone
ligament
noun
A short band of tough, flexible fibrous connective tissue which connects two bones or cartilages or holds together a joint.
Example: The lateral LIGAMENT of the ankle joint is more commonly injured as it is weaker than the medial LIGAMENT.
fr: ligament
lymphatic system
adjective and noun
The network of vessels through which lymph drains from the tissues into the blood.
Example: With the use of nanotechnology tiny nanomachines could be developed to travel through the blood stream or LYMPHATIC SYSTEM to directly target tumours, clear blood clots or close wounds; this would transform surgery making it safer and more effective.
fr: système lymphatique
prosthesis
noun
An artificial body part, such as a leg, a heart, or a breast implant.
Example: Risks of surgery - infection, bleeding, scaring, poor wound healing, damage to surrounding structures, DVT PE, rejection of the PROSTHESIS leading to fibrosis and anaesthetic complications.
fr: prothèse
scalpel
noun
A knife with a small, sharp, sometimes detachable blade, as used by a surgeon.
Example: The removal of the antennae was performed under a binocular microscope using a fine SCALPEL.
Source: https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/scalpel
fr: scalpel
stethoscope
noun
A medical instrument for listening to the action of someone's heart or breathing, typically having a small disk-shaped resonator that is placed against the chest, and two tubes connected to earpieces.
Example: A STETHOSCOPE can be used to listen to the sounds made by the heart, lungs or intestines, as well as blood flow in arteries and veins.
Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stethoscope
fr: stétoscope
stitch
noun
A loop of thread or yarn resulting from a single pass or movement of the needle in sewing, knitting, or crocheting.
Example: The patient was quite comfortable, she felt a little tenderness and discomfort in her chest due to the STITCH's and scar but had no breathlessness or cough.
fr: point de suture
surgery
noun
The branch of medical practice that treats injuries, diseases, and deformities by the physical removal, repair, or readjustment of organs and tissues, often involving cutting into the body.
Example: This condition represents an acute medical emergency which may require urgent angioplasty, embolectomy (using a fogarty catheter) or open SURGERY, and as a result Mr is likely to be placed under a considerable amount of stress.
fr: chirurgie
terminal phase
adjective and noun
The concluding parts of an event or occurrence. In this case (medicine), we speak of a terminal phase when a person suffering from a serious illness (in particular cancer) is in a stage of inexorable evolution towards death.
Example: Alternatively, the researchers said the protective effect could be because some patients with low intake were actually in the TERMINAL PHASE of their lives.
Source: https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/terminal-phase
fr: phase terminale
tinnitus
noun
Tinnitus is when you experience ringing or other noises in one or both of your ears. The noise you hear when you have tinnitus isn't caused by an external sound, and other people usually can't hear it. Tinnitus is a common problem. It affects about 15% to 20% of people, and is especially common in older adults.
Tinnitus is usually caused by an underlying condition, such as age-related hearing loss, an ear injury or a problem with the circulatory system.
Example: There was no TINNITUS or hearing loss. had no palpitations, no chest pain and no shortness of breath.
fr: acouphène
to intubate
verb
Insert a tube into (a person or a body part, especially the trachea for ventilation).
Example: It is possible to INTUBATE patients undergoing oral surgery in the hospital.
Source: https://www.google.com/search?q=define+Intubate
fr: intuber
tomography
noun
A technique for displaying a representation of a cross section through a human body or other solid object using X-rays or ultrasound.
Example: Positron Emission TOMOGRAPHY (PET) is a technique which measures gamma-ray activity in the brain by injecting radioactive particles into the blood.
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